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幾種工業氣體的用途

　　1、氧氣

　　氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)一種開發應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)早的(de)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)，現已廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于國民(min)經濟和(he)社會發展的(de)各(ge)個領域(yu)。其(qi)主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于金屬(shu)(shu)焊(han)接、切割和(he)各(ge)種燃燒裝置的(de)助燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)以及某些工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程的(de)氧(yang)化(hua)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)等(deng)(deng)。冶(ye)金工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)包括鋼鐵冶(ye)煉(lian)、有(you)色(se)金屬(shu)(shu)冶(ye)煉(lian)過(guo)程都大(da)量(liang)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，其(qi)明顯作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)強(qiang)化(hua)冶(ye)煉(lian)過(guo)程，達到增產節能(neng)。機械工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)金屬(shu)(shu)焊(han)接、切割能(neng)大(da)大(da)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)工(gong)(gong)效。化(hua)工(gong)(gong)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制造(zao)醫藥、染料、炸(zha)藥等(deng)(deng)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)產品，此外還(huan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來強(qiang)化(hua)生產，如用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吹氧(yang)法生產黃(huang)磷、噴氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)劣煤等(deng)(deng)。電(dian)子工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，除用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)(zuo)助燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)外，還(huan)是(shi)制造(zao)半導體(ti)(ti)集成電(dian)路的(de)氧(yang)化(hua)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)，是(shi)該行(xing)業(ye)(ye)不可(ke)缺少的(de)高(gao)(gao)純(chun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)之一；高(gao)(gao)純(chun)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)還(huan)是(shi)制造(zao)光導纖維的(de)重要氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)原料。氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在國防上(shang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途很廣，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)大(da)的(de)是(shi)火箭。此外，可(ke)以利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)作(zuo)(zuo)氧(yang)化(hua)劑進(jin)行(xing)磁流體(ti)(ti)發電(dian)；利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凈(jing)化(hua)污水(shui)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在采礦業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)進(jin)行(xing)深井(jing)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)；利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)深海打撈，潛水(shui)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)；利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)搶(qiang)救窒息病人，臨危病人；利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保健，如高(gao)(gao)原登山運動員(yuan)、地質(zhi)人員(yuan)、邊疆巡邏戰士等(deng)(deng)特(te)殊人群使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和(he)一般人員(yuan)泡氧(yang)吧等(deng)(deng)。

　　2、氮氣

　　氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)是一(yi)種惰性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，在(zai)(zai)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)所占含(han)量大，約(yue)為(wei)(wei)78%。隨著科學技(ji)術的(de)發展(zhan)，氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)國(guo)民經濟的(de)各行各業(ye)(ye)正日益廣泛地應用(yong)。氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)主要(yao)用(yong)作(zuo)(zuo)保(bao)護(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、吹掃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、載(zai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)、干燥氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)等。在(zai)(zai)金屬熱處(chu)理工(gong)(gong)藝過程中(zhong)氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)保(bao)護(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，目的(de)是為(wei)(wei)提高金屬材料(liao)、零(ling)件的(de)質(zhi)量、光潔(jie)度等。在(zai)(zai)電子工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)高純(chun)氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)是半導體(ti)(ti)(ti)集成電路生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)(gong)藝不可缺少的(de)保(bao)護(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)、載(zai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)。在(zai)(zai)石化行業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)保(bao)護(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)、載(zai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，目的(de)是確保(bao)石化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)順利、安(an)全運行，氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)也是合成氨(an)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)主要(yao)原(yuan)料(liao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)。在(zai)(zai)建(jian)材工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)浮法玻(bo)(bo)璃生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)，氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)錫槽的(de)主要(yao)保(bao)護(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，以實現浮法生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)(gong)藝和提高玻(bo)(bo)璃質(zhi)量。在(zai)(zai)能源(yuan)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)，應用(yong)氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)強化開采、煤礦(kuang)滅火。食品(pin)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)應用(yong)氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)食品(pin)包裝內充填(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，果(guo)蔬(shu)的(de)充氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)干制(zhi)、保(bao)鮮儲存，果(guo)汁、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)油的(de)充氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)排氧等。液氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)用(yong)作(zuo)(zuo)冷凍劑，作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)低(di)溫源(yuan)用(yong)于事業(ye)(ye)。氮(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)還可用(yong)于火箭、空間模擬、原(yuan)子反應堆、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)激(ji)光器等高科技(ji)領域。

　　3、氬氣

　　氬(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)是一(yi)種(zhong)稀(xi)有、惰(duo)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體，具有高(gao)密度和低導熱性(xing)。廣泛用作金屬焊(han)接(jie)、冶煉(lian)、加工等保(bao)護(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，用于(yu)燈(deng)泡和各種(zhong)放電器(qi)內充填氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)相色譜分析用載氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，還(huan)用于(yu)激(ji)光器(qi)和手術(shu)用止血(xue)噴槍等。氬(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)可與(yu)多種(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體混配，制成(cheng)用途更廣泛的特(te)種(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體。

　　4、二氧化碳

　　二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)用(yong)(yong)途很(hen)廣，其(qi)用(yong)(yong)量僅次(ci)于(yu)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)。二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)可(ke)制作(zuo)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)酸飲(yin)料(liao)。作(zuo)為滅(mie)火劑，二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)廣泛(fan)(fan)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)電器設備、精密(mi)儀(yi)器、貴重生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)設備和(he)圖書檔案的(de)初(chu)期火災撲滅(mie)。二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)氣(qi)體保護焊，可(ke)以廣泛(fan)(fan)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)多種材料(liao)的(de)焊接。二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)有機(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)合成，可(ke)以制作(zuo)多種常用(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)，如尿素、水楊酸等。二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)致冷(leng)(leng)劑，可(ke)冷(leng)(leng)凍食(shi)品(pin)。以二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)為介質可(ke)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)低(di)溫熱源(yuan)發(fa)電。以二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)為溶劑可(ke)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)超臨界萃取，作(zuo)為一種先進(jin)(jin)(jin)操作(zuo)技(ji)術用(yong)(yong)于(yu)分離多種產(chan)(chan)品(pin)和(he)取代傳統工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝操作(zuo)。固(gu)體二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(干(gan)冰)在上用(yong)(yong)來(lai)冷(leng)(leng)凍皮膚病，并可(ke)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)降(jiang)雨。利(li)用(yong)(yong)液(ye)體二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)干(gan)洗衣物，可(ke)代替有毒干(gan)洗劑。高純二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)電子工(gong)(gong)(gong)業，研究及(ji)臨床(chuang)診斷，檢測儀(yi)器的(de)校正用(yong)(yong)氣(qi)及(ji)配制其(qi)他特(te)種混合氣(qi)體等。

　　5、氨氣

　　合成氨(an)的工(gong)業(ye)化生(sheng)產，為各種(zhong)(zhong)氮肥(fei)的制(zhi)(zhi)造提供(gong)了充足(zu)的原料。氨(an)還(huan)用(yong)(yong)于各種(zhong)(zhong)胺基、酰基類化合物的生(sheng)產，制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)炸藥也要耗用(yong)(yong)大量的氨(an)。氨(an)是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)適用(yong)(yong)于大、中(zhong)型(xing)制(zhi)(zhi)冷機的中(zhong)溫制(zhi)(zhi)冷工(gong)質，是(shi)應用(yong)(yong)早廣泛的冷媒。氨(an)也是(shi)冶金、醫藥等工(gong)業(ye)原料。

　　6、氯氣

　　氯氣能殺(sha)菌(jun)，用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)凈化水質(zhi)。還(huan)(huan)被用(yong)來處理某些工業廢(fei)水，如(ru)對(dui)硫(liu)化氫、氰化物(wu)(wu)等進行氧化，消(xiao)除(chu)其毒性。氯氣可生產多種多樣(yang)化工產品，用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)造塑料、農藥、合(he)(he)成纖維、合(he)(he)成橡膠(jiao)等，也用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)生產氯化物(wu)(wu)、鹽酸及含(han)氯溶劑等。氯氣還(huan)(huan)可用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)生產終不含(han)氯的化工產品，如(ru)丙三醇(chun)(甘(gan)油)、乙二醇(chun)等。

　　7、乙炔氣

　　乙(yi)(yi)炔氣是有機(ji)合(he)成的(de)重要原料之一，也是三大合(he)成材料(橡(xiang)膠、塑(su)料、纖(xian)維)的(de)單體之一。在(zai)醫(yi)藥工業方面用于(yu)制造避孕藥劑。在(zai)原子(zi)吸(xi)收(shou)分析儀上用作載氣。溶解(jie)乙(yi)(yi)炔的(de)重要用途是金屬焊接與(yu)切割(ge)、噴鍍(du)、表面淬火和(he)熱加(jia)工等。此(ci)外(wai)，乙(yi)(yi)炔氣早的(de)應用是用來(lai)照明，主要的(de)使用場合(he)為航標燈。

　　8、氫氣

　　氫(qing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在國民(min)經濟(ji)的各行各業(ye)用作保(bao)護氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、反(fan)應(ying)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、載氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、燃(ran)燒氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等。在石(shi)化(hua)工業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中，應(ying)用不同組份的含氫(qing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體作為合(he)成氨、甲醇(chun)、石(shi)油煉制生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的原料(liao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、加氫(qing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體等；有機物氫(qing)化(hua)反(fan)應(ying)原料(liao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。在冶金工業(ye)中，氫(qing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作為還原氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、保(bao)護氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)廣(guang)泛用于鎢、鉬、鈦的生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)與加工；薄鋼(gang)板、帶鋼(gang)條、硅(gui)鋼(gang)片(pian)的生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)與軋制；精密合(he)金、粉(fen)末(mo)冶金材料(liao)的生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。

　　在(zai)電(dian)子(zi)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)，廣泛(fan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)高(gao)(gao)純氫(qing)氣(qi)，主要用(yong)于電(dian)子(zi)材(cai)料(liao)、半導體集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路以及電(dian)真空(kong)(kong)主器件的生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。在(zai)建材(cai)和輕工(gong)(gong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)，常應用(yong)氫(qing)氣(qi)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)保(bao)護(hu)氣(qi)、燃(ran)(ran)燒氣(qi)，如石英玻(bo)璃(li)、人造(zao)寶石生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)氫(qing)一氧焰獲得高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)；在(zai)浮(fu)法(fa)玻(bo)璃(li)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)氫(qing)氣(qi)為(wei)(wei)保(bao)護(hu)氣(qi)等。在(zai)電(dian)力工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)應用(yong)氫(qing)氣(qi)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)發電(dian)機組的冷卻劑。氣(qi)球(qiu)和航空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)囊用(yong)氫(qing)氣(qi)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)充填(tian)氣(qi)。液氫(qing)是(shi)宇航、火箭的重要液體燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)。用(yong)氫(qing)制(zhi)作(zuo)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池。此外(wai)，在(zai)汽(qi)車上使(shi)(shi)用(yong)含氫(qing)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)和用(yong)氫(qing)氣(qi)處理化學廢棄物(wu)品制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)有用(yong)的產(chan)(chan)品，已經或即(ji)將成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)現實。

轉載：互聯網